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Christian primitivism, also described as restorationism, is the belief that Christianity should be restored along the lines of what is known about the apostolic early church, which restorationists see as the search for a more pure and more ancient form of the religion.〔〔〔Encyclopedia of Religion in the South, p.665, Samuel S. Hill, Charles H. Lippy, Charles Reagan Wilson, 2005: "An Anabaptist, Servetus believed what has always been basic to restorationism: ... the true, apostolic church .... Restorationists in the South include three churches of the STONE-CAMPBELL TRADITION."〕 Fundamentally, "this vision seeks to correct faults or deficiencies (the church ) by appealing to the primitive church as a normative model."〔 The term "restorationism" is sometimes used more specifically as a synonym for the American Restoration Movement.〔 The term is also used by more recent groups, describing their goal to re-establish Christianity in its original form, such as some anti-denominational Charismatic Restorationists, which arose in the 1970s in the United Kingdom〔''Evangelicalism in modern Britain: a history from the 1730s to the 1980s'', David W. Bebbington, pub 1995, Routledge (UK), ISBN 0-415-10464-5, pg 230,231; 245-249〕〔''Alternative Religions: A Sociological Introduction'', Stephen J. Hunt, pub 2003, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd; ISBN 0-7546-3410-8, pg 82,83〕 and elsewhere. In comparable terms, earlier primitivist movements, including the Hussites,〔 Anabaptists,〔 Landmarkists,〔 Puritans,〔 and the Waldensians have been described as examples of restorationism, as have many seventh-day Sabbatarians. Though Landmarkism (often identified with Baptist Successionism) is more properly a theory of the continuation of the pure Church through the centuries, recognizable by certain key doctrines, primarily believers baptism. Many groups have attempted a history of their movement and an ecclesiology that falls somewhere in between the two ideas of Restorationism and Successionism. Efforts to restore an earlier, purer form of Christianity are often a response to denominationalism. As Rubel Shelly put it, "()he motive behind all restoration movements is to tear down the walls of separation by a return to the practice of the original, essential and universal features of the Christian religion."〔 Different groups have tried to implement the restorationist vision in different ways; for instance, some have focused on the structure and practice of the church, others on the ethical life of the church, and others on the direct experience of the Holy Spirit in the life of the believer.〔 The relative importance given to the restoration ideal, and the extent to which the full restoration of the early church is believed to have been achieved, also varies between groups. ==Uses of the term== The terms ''restorationism'', ''restorationist'' and ''restoration'' are used in several senses within Christianity. "Restorationism" in the sense of "Christian primitivism" refers to the attempt to correct perceived shortcomings of the current church by using the primitive church as a model to reconstruct early Christianity,〔Douglas Allen Foster and Anthony L. Dunnavant, ''The Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement: Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), Christian Churches/Churches of Christ, Churches of Christ'', Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2004, ISBN 0-8028-3898-7, 9780802838988, 854 pages, entry on ''Restoration, Historical Models of''〕 and has also been described as "practicing church the way it is perceived to have been done in the New Testament."〔 Restorationism is called "apostolic" as representing the form of Christianity that the twelve Apostles followed. These themes arise early in church history, first appearing in the works of Iranaeus,〔 and appeared in some movements during the Middle Ages. It was expressed to varying degrees in the theology of the Protestant Reformation,〔 and Protestantism has been described as "a form of Christian restorationism, though some of its forms - for example the Churches of Christ or the Baptists - are more restorationist than others."〔David Lynn Holmes, ''The faiths of the founding fathers'', Oxford University Press US, 2006, ISBN 0-19-530092-0, 9780195300925, 225 pages〕 A number of historical movements within Christianity may be described as "restoration movements," including the Glasites in Scotland and England, the independent church led by James Haldane and Robert Haldane in Scotland, the American Restoration Movement, the Landmark Baptists and the Mormons.〔Erwin Fahlbusch and Geoffrey William Bromiley, translated by Geoffrey William Bromiley, ''The encyclopedia of Christianity'', Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2005, 952 pages, ISBN 0-8028-2416-1, 9780802824165, entry on ''Restoration Movements''〕 A variety of more contemporary movements have also been described as "restorationist".〔Max Turner, (“Ecclesiology In The Major ‘Apostolic’ Restorationist Churches In The United Kingdom,” ) ''Vox Evangelica'' 19 (1989): 83-108.〕〔Elaine Milley, ("Modern Theology of Restorationism," ), Masters Thesis, Theological Studies Department, Tyndale College and Seminary〕 Restorationism has been described as a basic component of some Pentecostal movements such as the Assemblies of God.〔Edith Waldvogel Blumhofer, ''Restoring the faith: the Assemblies of God, Pentecostalism, and American culture'', University of Illinois Press, 1993, ISBN 0-252-06281-7, 9780252062810, 281 pages〕 The terms "Restorationism movement" and "Restorationist movement" have also been applied to the British New Church Movement.〔Stephen Hunt, ''Alternative religions: a sociological introduction'', Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2003, ISBN 0-7546-3410-8, 9780754634102, 268 pages〕 Capitalized, the term is also used as a synonym for the American Restoration Movement.〔Gerard Mannion and Lewis S. Mudge, ''The Routledge companion to the Christian church'', Routledge, 2008, ISBN 0-415-37420-0, 9780415374200, 684 pages〕〔 See for example Cassandra Yacovazzi, (''The Crisis of Sectarianism: Restorationist, Catholic, and Mormon Converts in Antebellum America,'' ) Masters Thesis, Department of History, Baylor University, May 2009〕 The term "restorationism" can also include the belief that the Jewish people must be restored to the promised land in fulfillment of biblical prophecy before the Second Coming of Christ.〔Anouar Majid, ("The Political Geography of Holiness" ), ''American Literary History'', April 17, 2009〕 ''Christian restorationism'' is generally used to describe the 19th century movement based on this belief, though the term ''Christian Zionism'' is more commonly used to describe later forms. "Restorationism" is also used to describe a form of postmillennialism developed during the later half of the 20th century, which was influential among a number of charismatic groups and the British new church movement.〔Stephen Hunt, ''Christian millenarianism: from the early church to Waco'', Indiana University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-253-21491-2, 9780253214911, 258 pages〕 The term ''primitive'', in contrast with other uses, refers to a basis in scholarship and research into the actual writings of the church fathers and other historical documents. Since written documents for the underground first-century church are sparse, the primitive church passed down its knowledge verbally. Elements of the primitive Christianity movement reject the patristic tradition of the prolific extrabiblical 2nd- and 3rd-century redaction of this knowledge (the Ante-Nicene Fathers), and instead attempt to reconstruct primitive church practices as they might have existed in the Apostolic Age. To do this, they revive practices found in the Old Testament. The term ''apostolic'' refers to a nonmainstream, often literal, apostolic succession or historical lineage tracing back to the Apostles and the Great Commission. These restorationist threads are sometimes regarded critically as being Judaizers in the Ebionite tradition. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Restorationism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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